When excessive pressure is applied during coronal polishing, which adverse effect is most likely?

• A. Gingival recession
• B. Heat generation leading to pulpal irritation
• C. Tooth fracture
• D. Gum hyperplasia

Answer: (B)

Excessive pressure during coronal polishing mainly increases friction between the polishing cup, paste, and tooth surface, turning some of that work into heat. That heat can travel through enamel and dentin and reach the pulp, where the tissues are sensitive to temperature rise. Even a modest temperature increase sustained over time can irritate the pulp, and studies have highlighted that heat generation beyond a certain threshold can lead to pulpal injury. That’s why heat generation leading to pulpal irritation is the most likely adverse effect.

Gingival recession, tooth fracture, and gum hyperplasia are not the typical immediate outcomes of polishing with excessive pressure. Recession and fracture relate more to aggressive force or preexisting conditions, and gum hyperplasia isn’t a direct consequence of coronal polishing.