What is the purpose of finishing and polishing after a composite restoration?

• A. Increase roughness to enhance plaque accumulation
• B. Create a smooth, plaque-resistant surface and reduce microleakage
• C. Change the shade to match adjacent teeth
• D. Remove margins

Answer: (B)

The goal of finishing and polishing after a composite restoration is to create a smooth, plaque-resistant surface and reduce microleakage. When composite is placed, the surface can be somewhat rough or irregular from the placement and curing process. Finishing uses cutting or shaping instruments to refine the contours and remove excess material, while polishing uses progressively finer abrasives and polishing agents to bring the surface to a very smooth, glossy finish. A smooth surface minimizes plaque accumulation, staining, and sensitivity to brushing, and it helps seal the margins more effectively, which reduces pathways for fluid and bacteria to infiltrate the tooth-restoration interface. This combination of better marginal integrity and a plaque-resistant surface contributes to the restoration’s longevity and periodontal health.

Choosing an option that increases roughness would promote plaque buildup, which is the opposite of the goal. Shade changes are managed through color selection and layering, not finishing and polishing, and removing margins would create defects rather than improve the restoration.